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旋元佑英文自習 - 標點符號用法說明瀏覽數:738次
標點符號用法說明 Colon [ : ] 引導正式的發言: The witness made this declaration: “I know of no attempt to defraud the public.” 引導一個作說明用的片段或系列(可取代對等連接詞): John will never become a competent leader: he has no sense of responsibility at all. Imports rose sharply: steel, cars, and electronic equipment. Comma [ , ] 用於對等連接詞如 and, but, or 之前,隔開兩個對等子句: That was the best meal we had ever enjoyed, and we were delighted with the service. *First he stopped at the bank and then he went to his office. 以 A, B, and C 的形式呈現一個系列: The menu offered the usual choices of steak, chops, and chicken. If you study hard, concentrate, and take your time, you’re sure to pass. 將主要子句前面的從屬子句或引介性的片語隔開: When he had tired of the mad pace of Taipei, he moved to Sanchi. In the beginning, she liked the work well enough. *When he was tired he would lie down for a while. *When the meeting was over, our heads were swimming. *More and more, people wait until the deadline to file their taxes. 隔開主要子句前面的獨立片語與分詞構句: Winter having arrived early, we left for the South. Lying on the couch, the boy had a dream. 在平行對稱結構中代表省略: You will take the first cab and I, the second. Bert always brings his lunch; Susan, hardly ever. 標示出句中元素不正常的調動: That they would accept the money, none of us seriously doubted. 隔開名詞片語中居於對等地位的形容詞: She had bright, mischievous, laughing brown eyes. 以括弧性的逗點隔開句中一個插入的片段: The apples, though freshly picked, were spoiled in shipment. 以括弧性的逗點隔開成對比的元素: Jesse, not Frank, was the first to arrive. 以括弧性的逗點隔開同位格: Chen Shuibian, our President, is a very lucky man. 以括弧性的逗點隔開一個非限制用法的關係子句或片語: My gun, which is now over the mantelpiece, hasn’t been used for years. Such a device, known as a scanner, senses the data and enters it into the computer. Dash [ -- ] 表示句意的突然轉折或中斷(可取代對等連接詞): He is—how shall I put it?—an obnoxious fool. She said, “I am at a loss to understand—” 引導同位格,尤其用於已經有許多逗點的情況: The three R’s—reading, writing, and arithmetic—are again being stressed. 引導一個作歸納之用的片語或子句: Educating citizens, improving the human environment, and planning rural society in the 21st century—these are some of the goals. Hyphen [ - ] 用於複合字: We employ state-of-the-art technology. There’s a well-dressed man waiting outside. *He is a foreign-car dealer. Quotation Marks [ “ ” ] 用於強調某個單字本身,或者用來表示「所謂的」: Words like “never” and “always” should be used sparingly. You know what he does on his “house calls”? Semicolon [ ; ] 取代對等連接詞(and, but, or 等)來連接對等子句: Some readers will recognize the writers being parodied; however, others will need to consult the notes. 在較長、較複雜、含有較多逗點的句子中,用於隔開對等子句: Unconsciously, native English-speakers develop a way of associating certain words such as helium, heliotrope, heliocentric, and heliograph; but a systematic study of the internal structure of those words would show that the common element is helio-, a combining form meaning “the sun,” “bright,” “radiant.” 用於呈現 a, A; b, B; and c, C 之類的系列: The tour included Miami, Florida; San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Kingston, Jamaica.
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